Parkinson’s Disease progression is different for everyone. Even though the rate of progression varies, it is generally accepted that there are 5 key stages as set out below.
Stage 1: This is the initial stage characterized by mild symptoms that do not interfere with daily activities. Symptoms may include tremor and/or rigidity on one side of the body, typically the hand or leg. There may be reduced facial expressions noticed by close friends or family members.
Stage 2: Symptoms may worsen and typically extend to both sides of the body and start to affect the axis (the trunk). Postural problems become more noticeable and gait patterns can be affected. Steps become shorter and there is a notable loss of arm swing and trunk rotation. Daily activities become more difficult but do not affect independence.
Stage 3: This is considered the mid-stage of the disease; the hallmarks are slowness of movement and loss of balance leading to more falls. The person remains independent but daily activities are significantly more difficult.
Stage 4: Symptoms become a lot more severe, and a walking aid is generally required to prevent falls. Help is required for daily activities and the person is now dependent on assistance and unable to live alone safely.
Stage 5: This is the most advanced stage of the disease, and the person requires full-time nursing care. Rigidity makes walking very difficult, and a wheelchair is usually required for mobilizing. Delusions and hallucinations are quite typical in the late stages of Parkinson’s Disease. Cognitive decline has become more notable making it difficult to process information.
